PCR primers comparisons for a successful Tuber spp. DNA region amplification in routine identifications / Primerjava PCR začetnih oligonukleotidov za uspešno pomnoževanje DNA regije Tuber spp. pri rutinski identifikaciji
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/fbg0076Abstract
Since late 20th century DNA sequencing became the method of choice method in precision species identification. The ITS region is one of the official fungal barcoding DNA markers, although in some cases sequencing of the ITS region may, due to misidentification, mislabeling or nomenclature errors in public databases, lead to incorrect or insufficient identification, as is currently a case in the genus Tuber. The aim of this study was to test, which ITS primer pairs are most appropriate and optimal for Tuber species DNA region amplification. Thereby we (1) compared amplification success for different Tuber species using fungal specific primer pair ITS1f and ITS4 and (2) compared amplification success using different ITS primer pair combinations in amplifying DNA region an example species Tuber aestivum. Based on results, Tuber aestivum was one of the most reluctant Tuber species in this study and in most cases failed to amplify with the above primer pair. After comparing different ITS primer pairs, we conclude that the primer pair ITS5 and ITS7 is the most appropriate primer pair for amplification DNA region of T. aestivum as it resulted in high amplification success from ectomycorrhizal root tips. Based on sequences, gained from public databases, we found that ITS1f and ITS6 primers have a mismatch in one base pair compared to the target sequence of Tuber aestivum, thus resulting in poor or no amplification success. Although primer pair ITS5 and ITS7 in our study was proven to be the most appropriate primer pair in amplifying DNA region Tuber aestivum species, further analysis about appropriateness of it for a general barcoding and identification of ectomycorrhiza in complex community samples is needed.
Keywords: Tuber spp., ITS region, PCR amplification, ITS primers
Izvleček
Od konca 20. stoletja je določanje nukleotidnega zaporedja DNA postalo ena izmed pogosteje uporabljenih metod za določanje vrst. ITS regija je edna izmed uradnih glivnih DNA markerjev, čeprav lahko določanje nukleotidnega zaporedja le-te, v nekaterih primerih, predvsem zaradi napačne določitve, označevanja oziroma napak v nomenklaturi v javnih bazah podatkov, privede do napačne oziroma nenatančne določitve vrst, kar je trenutno težava pri določitvi vrst iz rodu Tuber. Namen te študije je bil testirati kateri pari ITS začetnih oligonukleotidov so najbolj primerni in optimalni za pomnoževanje DNA regij gliv iz rodu Tuber. S tem namenom smo v študiji (1) primerjali uspešnost pomnoževanja DNA regije različnih vrst iz rodu Tuber, z uporabo glivno specifičnih začetnih oligonukleotidov ITS1f in ITS4 ter hkrati (2) primerjali uspešnost pomnoževanja DNA regije vrste Tuber aestivum z uporabo različnih ITS začetnih oligonukleotidov. Na podlagi rezultatov ugotavljamo, da je vrsta T. aestivum izmed vseh analiziranih gliv iz rodu Tuber, bila najtežavnejša vrsta v naši študiji, saj je v večini primerov pomnoževanje DNA regije te vrste z uporabo glivno specifičnih začetnih oligonukleotidov ITS1f in ITS4 bilo neuspešno. Po primerjavi uspešnosti pomnoževanja z različnimi ITS začetnimi oligonukelotidi ugotavljamo, da sta bila v naši študiji ITS začetna oligonukleotida ITS5 in ITS7 najprimernejša za pomnoževanje DNA regije vrste T. aestivum, saj je bila uspešnost pomnoževanja iz ektomikoriznih vršičkov v tem primeru največja. Na podlagi T. aestivum nukleotidnih zaporedij pridobljenih iz javnih podatkovnih baz ugotavljamo, da je za začetna oligonukleotida ITS1f in ITS6 značilno neujemanje s tarčnim nukleotidnim zaporedjem (T. aestivum) v enem baznem paru, kar se lahko odraža bodisi v slabšem pomnoževalnem uspehu ali v nepomnoževanju na splošno. Kljub temu, da v naši študiji ugotavljamo, da sta začetna oligonukleotida ITS5 in ITS7 najprimernejša za pomnoževanje DNA regije glive T. aestivum, so potrebne nadaljnje analize, s katerimi bi potrdili splošno primernost omenjenega para ITS5/ITS7 za pomnoževanje DNA regije ne samo vrst iz rodu Tuber, temveč za določanje ektomikoriznih glivnih združb na splošno.
Ključne besede: Tuber spp., ITS regija, PCR pomnoževanje, ITS začetni oligonukleotidi
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