Pomen makrofitov v jezerskem ekosistemu / The importance of macrophytes in lake ecosystem

Abstract

V preglednem članku povzemamo temeljne značilnosti makrofitov v jezerskem ekosistemu. Makrofiti so povezovalni člen med sedimentom, vodo in ozračjem. Vodne rastline vplivajo na zgradbo habitata, prav tako pa so vir avtohtonih snovi, ki so osnova za prehranjevalni splet. Rast vodnih rast­lin je odvisna od mnogih okoljskih dejavnikov, ki so med seboj povezani - svetloba, temperatura, vodni tok, globina ipd. Za prehod od velike kalnosti do prosojnosti vode v jezeru sta značilni spremembi v prevladi skupin primarnih producentov in vrst v celotnem prehranjevalnem spletu, kjer namesto prevladujočega fitoplanktona postanejo prevla­dujoči primarni producenti submerzni makrofiti ali perifitonske alge. Makrofiti so pomembni tudi za vrednotenje človekovega vpliva na jezerski ekosistem ter posredno pri izvajanju upravljavskih načrtov za vode.

Ključne besede: makrofiti, jezera, fitoplankton, ekološko stanje

In a review paper we summarized the basic features of macrophytes in lake system. Macrophytes present link between sediment, water and atmosphere. Primarily aquatic plants determine the structure of habitat and present the vital source of autochthonous matter as a base for food web. The growth of aquatic plants depends on a number of environmental factors, which are linked - light, temperature, water flow, depth etc. Transition from high turbidity to the transparency of the water in the lake is characterized by a change in the dominance of primary producers and species throughout the food web, where instead of the dominant phytoplankton the dominant primary producers becomes submerged macrophytes or periphytic algae. Macrophytes are important for evaluating human impact on lake ecosystems and indirectly in the management plans for water.

Key word: macrophytes, lakes, phytoplankton, ecological status