Prispevek k poznavanju razširjenosti kukavičevk Bele krajine (JV Slovenia) / Contribution to the knowledge of the distribution of orchids (Orchidaceae) in Bela krajina region (SE Slovenia)

Authors

  • Jernej Kavšek

Abstract

Bela krajina je pokrajina na jugovzhodu Slovenije. Pokrajina, ki obsega območje treh občin (Črnomelj, Metlika, Semič) je v primerjavi z ostalo Slovenijo bistveno manj poseljena. Dve tretjini Bele krajine prekrivajo gozdovi in skoraj polovica je je vključene v območje Natura 2000. Njena rastlinska pestrost je v slovenskem merilu zelo velika, na kar vplivajo klimatske posebnosti, ki omogočajo uspevanje nekaterih sredozemskih in jugovzhodnoevropskih vrst. V obdobju desetih let je bilo na tem območju popisanih 35 taksonov kukavičevk. V Beli krajini je najpogostejša kukavičevka navadna kukavica (Anacamptis morio), ki uspeva skoraj na vseh ekstenzivnih travnikih. Podobno pogosta je trizoba kukavica (Neotinea tridentata). Nekateri taksoni se pojavljajo sorazmerno redko, vendar pa so njihove populacije na določenih rastiščih izredno številčne. Populaciji steničje kukavice (Anacamptis coriophora) in transsilvanske prstaste kukavice (Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. transsilvanica) sta izredno številčni v okolici vasi Belčji Vrh. Populacija Fuksove prstaste kukavice (Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. fuchsii) je podobno številčna na smučišču Gače. Identificirana so bila tudi travniška območja večje vrstne pestrosti kukavičevk, in sicer okolica Starega Trga, smučišče Gače in okolica vasi Belčji Vrh. Ta območja so pod velikim pritiskom sukcesijskega zaraščanja in potrebujejo še posebno skrb za varovanje. 

Ključne besede: flora, ogrožene rastlinske vrste, zaraščanje, kukavičevke, Bela krajina, Slovenija

 

Bela Krajina is a region in southeastern Slovenia. The area of three municipalities (Črnomelj, Metlika, Semič) is in comparison with the rest of Slovenia significantly less populated. Two-thirds of the region is covered by forests and nearly half of a region is part of Natura 2000. Its plant diversity in the Slovenian scale is very large, which is influenced by special climatic conditions that allow the growth of certain types of Mediterranean and south-eastern European species. During the ten year research 35 different taxons of orchids were identified. The most common taxon of orchids in Bela krajina is green-winged orchid (Anacamptis morio), which thrives in almost every single extensive meadow. Similarly frequent is Three Toothed Orchid (Neotinea tridentata). Some taxons occur relatively rarely, but their populations are of extraordinary numbers at certain sites. Population of bug orchid (Anacamptis coriophora) and Transylvanian heath spotted-orchid (Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. transsilvanica) are extremely abundant around the village Belčji Vrh. Population of Common spotted orchid (Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. fuchsii) is similar abundance on the ski resort Gače. Three important hot spots of greater taxon abundance have been identified (surroundings of Stari Trg, ski resort Gače, surroundings of village Belčji Vrh). These areas need special protection regime to stop natural afforestation. 

Key words: flora, endangered plant species, orchids, afforestation, Bela krajina, Slovenia

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Published

2016-04-15

Issue

Vol. 56 No. 3 (2015)

Section

Articles

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